Sylvia H. Rambo (born 1936) is a United States federal judge.
Born in Royersford, Pennsylvania, Rambo received a B.A. from Dickinson College in 1958 and a J.D. from Dickinson School of Law in 1962. She was an attorney for the Trust Department of the Bank of Delaware in Wilmington, Delaware from 1962 to 1963. She was thereafter in private practice in Carlisle, Pennsylvania from 1963 to 1976, also serving as a public defender for Cumberland County, Pennsylvania from 1973 to 1976, and as chief public defender in 1976. She was an adjunct faculty member at the Dickinson School of Law from 1975 to 1977. She was a judge on the Pennsylvania Court of Common Pleas for Cumberland County from 1976 to 1978, returning to private practice in Carlisle from 1978 to 1979.
On May 29, 1979, Rambo was nominated by President Jimmy Carter to a new seat on the United States District Court for the Middle District of Pennsylvania created by 92 Stat. 1629. She was confirmed by the United States Senate on July 23, 1979, and received her commission on July 24, 1979. She served as chief judge from 1992 to 1999, assuming senior status on April 18, 2001.